参考文献

流行病学

[1]Brand FN,Larson MG,Kannel WB,McGuirk JM. The occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon in a general population: the Framingham Study. Vasc Med. 1997 Nov. 2(4): 296-301.
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病理生理

[1]Lambova SN,Müller-Ladner U. The role of capillaroscopy in differentiation of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon in rheumatic diseases: a review of the literature and two case reports. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Sep. 29(11): 1263-71.
pubmed摘要
[2]Wigley FM. Raynaud's phenomenon. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1993 Nov. 5(6): 773-84.
pubmed摘要
[3]Pistorius MA,Planchon B,Schott JJ,Lemarec H. [Heredity and genetic aspects of Raynaud's disease]. J Mal Vasc. 2006 Feb. 31(1): 10-5.
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[4]Smyth AE,Hughes AE,Bruce IN,Bell AL. A case-control study of candidate vasoactive mediator genes in primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Nov. 38(11): 1094-8.
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诊断标准

[1]Freedman RR,Mayes MD. Familial aggregation of primary Raynaud's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Jul. 39(7): 1189-91.
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[2]路再英、钟南山,主编.内科学.第七版,北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.

治疗进展

[1]Varga J. New hope for systemic sclerosis patients with digital ulcers. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005 Apr. 7(2): 127-8.
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[2]Korn JH,Mayes M,Matucci Cerinic M,Rainisio M,Pope J,Hachulla E,Rich E,Carpentier P,Molitor J,Seibold JR,Hsu V,Guillevin L,Chatterjee S,Peter HH,Coppock J,Herrick A,Merkel PA,Simms R,Denton CP,Furst D,Nguyen N,Gaitonde M,Black C. Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec. 50(12): 3985-93.
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[3]Seibold JR, Matucci-Cerinic M, Denton CP, et al. Bosentan reduces the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(Suppl II):90.