参考文献

简介

[1]ACC/AHA 2008 Guideline Update on Valvular Heart Disease: Focused Update on Infective Endocarditis. JACC 2008; 52(8): 676-685
[2]Catherine M. Otto, Robert O. Bonow . VALVULAR HEART DISEASES(3rd edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2009)
[3]Peter Libby , Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes. BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE (8th edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2007)
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流行病学

[1]Hogevik H, Olaison L, Andersson R, et al. Epidemiologic aspects of infective endocarditis in an urban population: a 5-year prospective study. Medicine(Baltimore) 1995; 74: 324-339.
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[2]Berlin JA, Abrutyn E, Strom BL, et al. Incidence of infective endocarditis in the Delaware Valley, 1988-1990. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 933-936.
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[3]Delahaye F, Goulet V, Lacassin F, et al. Characteristics of infective endocarditis in France 1991: a one year survey. Eur Heart J 1995; 16: 394-401.
[4]Cabell CH, Fowler VG Jr, Engemann JJ, et al. Endocarditis in the elderly; incidence, surgery, and survival in 16,921 patients over 12 years(abstract). Circulation 2002; 106: 547.
[5]Pallasch TJ: Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise. Dent Clin North Am 2003; 47: 665-679.
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[6]Cherubin CE, Neu HC; Infective endocarditis at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York City from 1938-1967. Am J Med 1971; 51: 83-96.
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[7]McKinsey DS, Ratts TE, Bisno AL: Underlying cardiac lesions in adults with infective endocarditis: the changing spectrum. Am J Med 1987; 82: 681-688.
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[8]Otto CM: Infecitve endocarditis. In Ott CM(ed): Valvular Heart Disease. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2004, pp 482-521.
[9]Peter Libby , Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes. BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE (8th edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2007)
[10]Fowler VG Jr, Miro JM, Hoen B, et al. Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress. JAMA 2005; 293: 3012-3021.
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[11]Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al. Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications. Circulation 2005; 111: e394-e434.
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[12]Pallasch TJ. Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise. Dent Clin North Am 2003; 47: 665-678.
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[13]Hecht SR, Berger M. Righ-sided endocarditis in intravenous drug users: prognostic features in 102 episodes. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 560-566.
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[14]Graves MK, Soto L. Left-sided endocarditis in parenteral drug abusers: recent experience at a large community hospital. South Med J 1992; 85: 378-380.
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[15]Martin-Davila P, Forun J, Navas E, et al. Nosocomial endocarditis in a tertiary hospital: an increasing trend in native valve cases. Chest 2005; 128: 772-779.
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[16]Robinson DL, Fowler VG, Sexton DJ, et al. Bacterial endocarditis in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30: 521-524.
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[17]Habib G,Hoen B,Tornos P,Thuny F,Prendergast B,Vilacosta I,Moreillon P,de Jesus Antunes M,Thilen U,Lekakis J,Lengyel M,Müller L,Naber CK,Nihoyannopoulos P,Moritz A,Zamorano JL. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the Intern
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[18]Nahass RG,Weinstein MP,Bartels J,Gocke DJ. Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users: a comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-negative and -positive patients. J Infect Dis. 1990 Oct. 162(4): 967-70.
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[19]Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee. J Am Dent Assoc 2008; 139(suppl): 3s-24s.
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[20]Gould FK, Elliott TS, Foweraker J, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 57: 1035-1042.
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病因

[1]Catherine M. Otto, Robert O. Bonow . VALVULAR HEART DISEASES(3rd edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2009)

预防

[1]Peter Libby , Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes. BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE (8th edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2007)

诊断标准

[1]Pelletier LL Jr, Petersdorf RG. Infective endocarditis: a review of 125 cases from the University of Washington Hospital, 1963-72. Medicine(Baltimore) 1977; 56: 287-313.
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[2]von Reyn CF, Levy BS, Arbeit RD, et al. Infective endocarditis: analysis based on strict definitions. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 505-518.
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[3]Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med 1994; 96: 200-209.
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[4]Palepu A, Cheung SS, Montessori V, et al. Factors other than the Duke criteria associated with infective endocarditis among injection drug users. Clin Invest Med 2002; 25: 118-125.
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[5]Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infec Dis 2000;30: 633-638.
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[6]Cecchi E, Parrini I, Chinaglia A, et al. New diagnosis criteria for infective endocarditis: a study of sensitivity and specificity. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1149-1156.
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[7]Hoen B, Selton-Suty C, Danchin N, et al. Evaluation of the Duke criteria verus the Beth Israel criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 21: 905-909.

诊断程序

[1]Catherine M. Otto, Robert O. Bonow . VALVULAR HEART DISEASES(3rd edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2009)

鉴别诊断

[1]Catherine M. Otto, Robert O. Bonow . VALVULAR HEART DISEASES(3rd edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2009)
[2]Peter Libby , Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes. BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE (8th edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2007)

患者教育

[1]Catherine M. Otto, Robert O. Bonow . VALVULAR HEART DISEASES(3rd edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2009)
[2]Peter Libby , Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Douglas P. Zipes. BRAUNWALD’S HEART DISEASE (8th edition). SAUNDERS ELSEVIER(2007)