参考文献

流行病学

[1]Cleland JG, Khand A, Clark A. The heart failure epidemic: exactly how big is it. Eur Heart J. 2001. 22(8): 623-6.
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[2]Cowie MR, Mosterd A, Wood DA, et al. The epidemiology of heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1997. 18(2): 208-25.
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[3]Alla F, Zannad F, Filippatos G. Epidemiology of acute heart failure syndromes. Heart Fail Rev. 2007. 12(2): 91-5.
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病因

[1]程康安. 中国部分地区1980、1990、2000年慢性心力衰竭住院病例回顾性调查. 中华心血管病杂志. 2002. (08): 5-9.
[2]Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J. 2008. 29(19): 2388-442.
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[3]Gheorghiade M, Pang PS. Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009. 53(7): 557-73.
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病理生理

[1]Karayannis G, Kitsios G, Kotidis H, Triposkiadis F. Left atrial remodelling contributes to the progression of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction to chronic symptomatic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2008. 13(1): 91-8.
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[2]Felker GM, Cotter G. Unraveling the pathophysiology of acute heart failure: an inflammatory proposal. Am Heart J. 2006. 151(4): 765-7.
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[3]Summers RL, Amsterdam E. Pathophysiology of acute decompensated heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2009. 5(1): 9-17, v.
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[4]中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 急性心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南. 中华心血管病杂志,2010, 38(3):195-208.

分类分型

[1]Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, et al. 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2009. 119(14): 1977-2016.
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[2]Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J. 2008. 29(19): 2388-442.
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[3]中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 急性心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南. 中华心血管病杂志,2010, 38(3):195-208.

预防

[1]Snow V, Aronson MD, Hornbake ER, Mottur-Pilson C, Weiss KB. Lipid control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2004. 140(8): 644-9.
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[2]KF Adams, J Lindenfeld, JMO Arnold,et al.Executive summary: HFSA 2006 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. J Card Fail. 2006. 12(1): 10-38.
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筛检

[1]Arnold JM, Howlett JG, Dorian P, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Consensus Conference recommendations on heart failure update 2007: Prevention, management during intercurrent illness or acute decompensation, and use of biomarkers. Can J Cardiol. 2007. 23(1): 21-45.
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问诊与查体

[1]Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G, et al. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation. 2005. 112(25): 3958-68.
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[2]Gheorghiade M, Pang PS. Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009. 53(7): 557-73.
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[3]中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 急性心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南. 中华心血管病杂志,2010, 38(3):195-208.
[4]Fonarow GC. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE): opportunities to improve care of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2003. 4 Suppl 7: S21-30.
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[5]Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA. 2007. 297(1): 61-70.
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[6]Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, et al. In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005. 46(1): 57-64.
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[7]Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, et al. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006. 27(22): 2725-36.
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[8]Tsuyuki RT, McKelvie RS, Arnold JM, et al. Acute precipitants of congestive heart failure exacerbations. Arch Intern Med. 2001. 161(19): 2337-42.
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[9]Klatsky AL, Chartier D, Udaltsova N, et al. Alcohol drinking and risk of hospitalization for heart failure with and without associated coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2005. 96(3): 346-51.
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[10]Rodondi N, Newman AB, Vittinghoff E, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch Intern Med. 2005. 165(21): 2460-6.
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[11]Berlin T, Lubina A, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y. Graves' disease presenting as right heart failure. Isr Med Assoc J. 2006. 8(3): 217-8.
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辅助检查

[1]Gheorghiade M, Pang PS. Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009. 53(7): 557-73.
pubmed摘要 | 全文链接 | PDF全文
[2]Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J. 2008. 29(19): 2388-442.
摘要 | 全文链接 | PDF全文
[3]Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, et al. 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2009. 119(14): 1977-2016.
pubmed摘要 | 全文链接 | PDF全文
[4]慢性心力衰竭诊断治疗指南. 中华心血管病杂志. 2007. (12): 1076-1095.

诊断程序

[1]吴炜,严晓伟. 充血性心力衰竭. 见: 李剑 等主编:协和内科住院医师手册. 北京. 中国协和医科大学出版社. 2008:109 & 杨艳敏. 急性左心功能衰竭. 见:杨跃进等主编: 阜外心血管内科手册. 第一版 北京. 人民卫生出版社. 2006. 205.

治疗细则

[1]中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 急性心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南. 中华心血管病杂志,2010, 38(3):195-208.
[2]Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999. 341(10): 709-17.
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[3]Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002. 287(12): 1531-40.
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[4]4th PWF, Holland R, Gyarmathy R, et al. Observation unit treatment of heart failure with nesiritide: results from the proaction trial. J Emerg Med. 2005. 29(3): 243-52.
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[5]谢洪智, 朱文玲. 重组人脑利钠肽和硝酸甘油治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭疗效和安全性的随机、开放、平行对照的多中心临床研究. 中华心血管病杂志. 2006. (03): 222-226.
摘要
[6]Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet. 2002. 360(9328): 196-202.
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[7]Cleland JG, Freemantle N, Coletta AP, Clark AL. Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association: REPAIR-AMI, ASTAMI, JELIS, MEGA, REVIVE-II, SURVIVE, and PROACTIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006. 8(1): 105-10.
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[8]Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, et al. Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2007. 297(17): 1883-91.
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[9]Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. JAMA. 2006. 296(18): 2217-26.
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[10]Havranek EP, Masoudi FA, Westfall KA, Wolfe P, Ordin DL, Krumholz HM. Spectrum of heart failure in older patients: results from the National Heart Failure project. Am Heart J. 2002. 143(3): 412-7.
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[11]Rudiger A, Harjola VP, Muller A, et al. Acute heart failure: clinical presentation, one-year mortality and prognostic factors. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005. 7(4): 662-70.
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[12]Lilleberg J, Ylonen V, Lehtonen L, Toivonen L. The calcium sensitizer levosimendan and cardiac arrhythmias: an analysis of the safety database of heart failure treatment studies. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2004. 38(2): 80-4.
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[13]Benlolo S, Lefoll C, Katchatouryan V, Payen D, Mebazaa A. Successful use of levosimendan in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Anesth Analg. 2004. 98(3): 822-4, table of contents.
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[14]Labriola C, Siro-Brigiani M, Carrata F, Santangelo E, Amantea B. Hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in patients with low-output heart failure after cardiac surgery. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004. 42(4): 204-11.
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[15]3rd EJW, McLoughlin DE, Baghelai K. Postoperative nesiritide use following high-risk mitral valve replacement. Heart Surg Forum. 2004. 7(3): E189-90.
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[16]Samuels LE, Holmes EC, Lee L. Nesiritide as an adjunctive therapy in adult patients with heart failure undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004. 128(4): 627-9.
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[17]Jose P, Skali H, Anavekar N, et al. Increase in creatinine and cardiovascular risk in patients with systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006. 17(10): 2886-91.
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[18]Kellum JA, M DJ. Use of dopamine in acute renal failure: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2001. 29(8): 1526-31.
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[19]Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death--executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Eur Heart J. 2006. 27(17): 2099-140.
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[20]Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation). Eur Heart J. 2006. 27(16): 1979-2030.
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治疗进展

[1]Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome Trial. JAMA. 2007. 297(12): 1319-31.
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[2]De Luca L, Mebazaa A, Filippatos G, et al. Overview of emerging pharmacologic agents for acute heart failure syndromes. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008. 10(2): 201-13.
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[3]De Luca L, Fonarow GC, Mebazaa A, et al. Early pharmacological treatment of acute heart failure syndromes: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acute Card Care. 2007. 9(1): 10-21.
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[4]deGoma EM, Vagelos RH, Fowler MB, Ashley EA. Emerging therapies for the management of decompensated heart failure: from bench to bedside. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. 48(12): 2397-409.
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[5]Teerlink JR, Metra M, Felker GM, et al. Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study. Lancet. 2009. 373(9673): 1429-39.
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预后

[1]Gheorghiade M, Pang PS. Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009. 53(7): 557-73.
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